Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity’s demand for ecological resources and services in a given year exceeds what Earth’s ecosystems can regenerate in that year. To determine the date of Earth Overshoot Day, Global Footprint Network calculates the number of days that Earth’s annual biocapacity can provide for humanity’s consumption, using the latest data. How exactly is explained on this page and in more detail in this research report.
In essence, the 2025 estimates for both humanity’s Ecological Footprint and Earth’s biocapacity build on the most recent edition of the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts (2025 edition, in this case), which has complete data sets up to 2022, and was produced by York University for FoDaFo. For the last three year, Global Footprint Network uses partial data of the official UN data set, additional non-UN data, and extrapolations to overcome the unavoidably “time gap” in United Nations’ reporting procedures. For the extrapolations, Global Footprint Network builds on time series from the National Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts data and extends those trend series to the present year. Where possible, more recent data (Global Carbon Project, International Energy Agency (IEA), etc.) are incorporated to strengthen the assessment for the “gap” years. The downloadable research report documents these datasets and methodology.
Based on these calculations, every year on June 5, World Environment Day, Global Footprint Network announces the date for Earth Overshoot Day of the running year. On June 5, 2025, Global Footprint Network revealed that Earth Overshoot Day 2025 falls on July 24th.
Results for all countries’ Overshoot Day are listed here.
For more background
Earth Overshoot Day is calculated using ecological footprint accounts. How they work for countries is outlined in a 2 minute video here. These accounts allow us to compare people’s ecological footprint with the available biocapacity of the planet, a country or a region. You can find more details here.
A data platform shows the results for all countries, including the timelines since 1961. You can also estimate your own ecological footprint (and personal Overshoot Day).